![]() The terrestrial electromagnetic environment has been and is being rapidly altered by humans as a result of technological advancements. For the time being, the public should follow the precautionary principle and limit their exposure as much as possible. Furthermore, appropriate exposure assessment is crucial for identification of dose-response relation if any, and the elucidation of biological interaction mechanism. Hence, need of the hour is to activate comprehensive well-coordinated blind scientific investigations, overcoming all limitations and demerits of previous investigations especially replication studies to concretize the earlier findings. Several studies with appropriate methodologies reflect the capacity of electromagnetic radiations to cause adverse health effects and there are several credible mechanisms that can account for the observed effects. The several gaps in the existing knowledge do not permit one to reach a concrete conclusion but possibility for harmful effects cannot be underestimated in absence of consistent findings and causal mechanisms. ![]() ![]() Accordingly, this paper has been constructed to weigh the bioeffects, possible biointeraction mechanisms, and research areas in bioelectromagnetics seeking immediate attention. Given their ubiquitous nature, widespread applications, and capability to produce deleterious effects, conclusive investigations of the health risks are critical. Rotator cuff pathology ranges from a normal, asymptomatic aging process to endstage arthritis and instability caused by absence of the rotator cuff.įind out more about Rotator Cuff Pathology from the following links.Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been implicated to influence a range of bodily functions. Damage to the rotator cuff can vary from microscopic tears to large irreparable tears, and symptoms include pain, weakness, restricted motion, catching, locking and a feeling of instability. While some rotator cuff injuries occur in younger people secondary to trauma, most injuries result from aging and degeneration of the cuff. This can cause pain and damage to the rotator cuff. Thickening of the rotator cuff and its bursa can lead to an impingement syndrome where these tissues impinge against the bones around the shoulder. When the rotator cuff is injured or damaged, it can lead to inflammation of the bursa, called bursitis, which causes pain and loss of motion. Above the rotator cuff there is a bursa, or sac of tissue, that covers and protects the rotator cuff as it comes into close contact with bones around the shoulder (see Figure 1). The rotator cuff is the group of four muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing strength and stability. What is the rotator cuff and rotator cuff pathology? There is some risk of infection with compound fractures.įind out more about Hand Fractures from the following links. An open (compound) fracture occurs when a bone fragment breaks through the skin. Comminuted fractures (bone is shattered into many pieces) usually occur from a high energy force and are often unstable. ![]() ![]() Some fractures occur in the shaft (main body) of the bone, others break the joint surface. Other fractures are unstable and the bone fragments tend to displace or shift. Fractures may be simple with the bone pieces aligned and stable. Many people think that a fracture is different from a break, but they are the same (see Figure 1). When this happens, there is pain, swelling, and decreased use of the injured part. A fracture occurs when enough force is applied to a bone to break it. This frame acts as a point of attachment for the muscles that make the wrist and fingers move. The hand is made up of many bones that form its supporting framework. ![]()
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